\u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal y\u00f6nden tam iyilik durumlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yitirilmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyecek fakt\u00f6rlerden korunmalar\u0131, onlar\u0131n fizyolojik ve psikolojik yap\u0131lar\u0131na uygun bir i\u015fe yerle\u015ftirilmeleri ve bunun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini ama\u00e7lar. K\u0131saca i\u015fin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n da i\u015fe uygunlu\u011funun sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefler.<\/p>\n
Temel \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hizmetleri (T\u0130SH)<\/strong>, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerinden yararlanmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmektedir. K\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin etkisiyle de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerine olan ihtiyac\u0131 da art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. T\u0130SH; ekonomi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne, i\u015fletme b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, co\u011frafi alana veya i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u00e7eri\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bireye i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7abad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetleri \u00f6nceden sa\u011flanmam\u0131\u015fsa veya yeni i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmeti personeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015fletmenin bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k y\u00f6nelimine gerek vard\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetimi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetimi de T\u0130SH\u2019nin \u00f6nemli etkinliklerindendir (Rantanen J. 2007).<\/p>\n Bu kavram, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetimi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetiminin bile\u015fkesidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla mesleki etkilenmeleri \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan t\u0131bbi muayene ve tetkikleri ile ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klamay\u0131, t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, de\u011ferlendirilmesini ve bildirimini de i\u00e7eren sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koruyucu t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, ilkyard\u0131m, acil tedavi, rehabilitasyon ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirme bu kavram\u0131n i\u00e7indedir. Bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetimi, i\u015fe giri\u015f, periyodik, port\u00f6r ya da i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f muayenelerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ortamdaki riskler ve bunlara y\u00f6nelik sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetimi konusunda bilgilendirilmesi, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, genel hijyen ko\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesi, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma plan\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k de\u011ferlendirme raporunun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kilit alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, i\u015f kazas\u0131 ya da meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u015f\u00fcphesi durumunda olay\u0131n\/olgunun analizi, \u0130SG kurullar\u0131na kat\u0131lma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda aktif rol alma, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitimlerine kat\u0131lma, gerekli durumlarda yer ya da i\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6nerisinde bulunma ve yine gerekli durumlarda mesleki rehabilitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lma sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetimi kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak baz\u0131 temel d\u00fczenlemeler vard\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda ba\u015fta Anayasa olmak \u00fczere, Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu ve \u0130\u015f Kanunu gelmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 50. Maddesinde \u201ckimsenin ya\u015f\u0131na, cinsiyetine ve g\u00fcc\u00fcne uygun olmayan i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na\u201d, 56. Maddesinde de \u201cherkesin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funa\u201d dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir.<\/p>\n Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu\u2019nda sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetiminin s\u00fcrekli\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren periyodik-port\u00f6r muayenesinin kimlere, ne s\u0131kl\u0131kla yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir1<\/sup>. Sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetimi (s\u0131hhi murakabe) kavram\u0131 mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde \u201cmurakabe\u201dnin s\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131 denetlemek, g\u00f6zetmek, kontrol etmek olarak ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n \u00dclkemizde \u0130\u015f Kanunu ve bu kanun kapsam\u0131ndaki yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin pek \u00e7o\u011funda \u201csa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetimi\u201d kavram\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir (bkz. Ek-1 Mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda Sa\u011fl\u0131k G\u00f6zetimi).<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fyeri hekimi, i\u015fyerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda da bilgi sahibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkiler (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n; birbirleriyle, formen – postaba\u015f\u0131yla, i\u015fyeri amirleriyle, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla, i\u015fyeri yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki ba\u015fka i\u015fyeri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla), toplu i\u015f ili\u015fkileri, sendikan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ki\u015filerin ve sendikan\u0131n i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlere yakla\u015f\u0131m, i\u015fyerinde g\u00fcvenlik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczeyi ile ilgili g\u00f6zlemlerde bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fyerinde hen\u00fcz yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzman\u0131yla birlikte RD \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmal\u0131 ya da RD\u2019nin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r4<\/sup>. Bu arada RD yap\u0131lana kadar i\u015f yeri hekimi beklememeli, y\u00f6netmeliklerde belirtilen g\u00f6revlerini olabildi\u011fince yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, risk analizi ideal sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetiminin olmazsa olmaz\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetiminin ilk hareket noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n E\u011fer i\u015fyerinde gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lacaksa; 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun ilgili maddesi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak \u201cgece \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131n\u0131n gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na uygun oldu\u011fu\u201d, i\u015fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce al\u0131nacak sa\u011fl\u0131k raporu ile belgelenmelidir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fyeri hekimi yap\u0131lan i\u015fi de bilmek durumundad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fyeri hekimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 ziyaretlerinde hem iyi bir g\u00f6zlemci olmal\u0131 hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek bilgi ve deneyimini art\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kaynak i\u015f\u00e7isinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 konusunda bilgi sahibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kaynak i\u015f\u00e7isinin farkl\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde farkl\u0131 i\u015fler yapabilece\u011fi, farkl\u0131 kaynak teknikleri kullanabilece\u011fi, farkl\u0131 tehlike kaynaklar\u0131ndan etkilenebilece\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fyeri hekimi, i\u015fin nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeli, i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda hangi ara\u00e7, gere\u00e7 ve donan\u0131mlar\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bilmeli, bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7eriklerini \u00f6\u011frenmeli, daha sonra da bu i\u015fle ilgili bilimsel, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenlemeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 veya meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesi veya tan\u0131s\u0131 alan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n SGK\u2019na hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden sonraki \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde bildirimi zorunludur. Bu bildirimde de \u201c\u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 ve Meslek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bildirim Formu\u201d kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fyeri hekimi, \u0130SG kurulu’nun di\u011fer \u00fcyeleriyle birlikte periyodik i\u015fyeri denetimi yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kurul denetimlerinden en az birini \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik i\u015faretlemelerine ay\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu i\u015fi yaparken malzeme g\u00fcvenlik bilgi formlar\u0131 ve ortam \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 (varsa risk de\u011ferlendirme dosyas\u0131yla) birlikte ilgili Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin de yanlar\u0131nda olmas\u0131 kurulun i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Gereken yerlere, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 ve sesli uyaranlar da d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm i\u015faretlemeler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe uygun olarak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Koruyucu \u00d6nlemler<\/strong><\/p>\n Vaka Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> \u0130\u015fyeri hekimi, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanda meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesi veya tan\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funda, \u00f6ncelikle:<\/p>\n \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 veya meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesi veya tan\u0131s\u0131 alan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n SGK\u2019ya bildirimi, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden sonraki \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bildirim i\u00e7in \u201c\u0130\u015f Kazas\u0131 ve Meslek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bildirim Formu\u201d kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015f kazas\u0131 bildirimleri, i\u015fverenin kolluk kuvvetlerine ve SGK’ya yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirimleri ise i\u015fyeri hekiminin veya sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funun tan\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine SGK’ya yap\u0131l\u0131r. SGK taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan incelemeler sonucunda meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131 konulursa, sigortal\u0131ya gerekli i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00f6zetimi Kavram\u0131<\/h3>\n
Mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda Sa\u011fl\u0131k G\u00f6zetimi<\/h3>\n
Risk De\u011ferlendirmesi (RD) Nedir? (*)<\/h3>\n
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\u0130\u015fyeri Hekiminin G\u00f6revleri<\/h3>\n
Meslek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bildirimi ve SGK S\u00fcreci (T\u00fcrkiye Mevzuat\u0131)<\/h3>\n
\u0130\u015fyeri Ziyareti, Risk De\u011ferlendirmesi ve Koruyucu \u00d6nlemler<\/h3>\n
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Pratik Uygulanabilir Bilgi ve Vaka Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n
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Meslek Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bildirimi ve SGK S\u00fcreci (T\u00fcrkiye Mevzuat\u0131)<\/h3>\n
Kaynaklar<\/h3>\n